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Seoul Special City

Seoulsouthgate.jpg
Korean Name
Revised RomanizationSeoul Teukbyeolsi
McCune-ReischauerSŏul T'ŭkpyŏlshi
Hangul서울 특별시
Hanja서울 特別市
[Note: there are no Hanja for "Seoul" (서울)]
Short NameSeoul (Sŏul; 서울)
Statistics
Population10,276,968 (2003)
Area614 km²(approximate)
GovernmentSpecial City;
Capital of South Korea
Administrative Divisions25 wards ("Gu")
RegionSudogwon
DialectSeoul
Location Map
Map_seoul.png


Seoul is the capital of South Korea and was, until 1945, the capital of all of Korea. It is a designated special city. Since the establishment of the Republic of Korea—better known as South Korea—in 1948, it became the capital of the country, except for a short time during the Korean War.

Seoul is located in the northwest of the country south of the DMZ, on the Han River. The city is the political, cultural, social and economical centre of South Korea and East Asia. It is also an international centre for business, finance, multinational corporations, and global organizations. This, along with its position as the capital of one of the world's largest economies, has boosted it to the status of a global city, playing a special role as the greatest metropolis to ever rise from the ashes of a former colony and a war-torn nation. Even today, it is considered the beacon of the East Asian economy, the symbol of the Korean economic miracle.

According to UN Population Division figures, Seoul's 2003 Urban Agglomeration population was 9.7 million, placing it at 22nd largest worldwide. Its density has allowed it to become one of the most digitally-wired cities in today's globally connected economy. It also has more than 1 million registered vehicles which cause isolated traffic-jams beyond midnight. The larger Seoul metropolitan area and commuter belt, which includes the major harbor city Incheon and the largely residential city of Seongnam, is one of the world's most heavily populated. In recent years, the metropolitan government has carried out an extensive cleanup of the city's heavy air and water pollution, transforming the previously murky atmosphere into one of outstanding cleanness.

History

The history of Seoul can be traced back as far as 18 BC. In that year the newly established kingdom of Baekje built its capital Wiryeseong in the Seoul area. There are several city wall remains in the area dating from this time, and Pungnap Toseong, an earthen wall whose remains lie just outside Seoul, is widely believed to be the main Wiryeseong site. During the time when the three kingdoms fought for hegemony in Korea, Seoul was often the site where disputes were carried out.